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Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict
Starting in the 12th century, the Margraviate, later Electorate of Brandenburg was in conflict with the neighboring Duchy of Pomerania over frontier territories claimed by both Brandenburg and Pomerania, and over the status of the Pomeranian duchy, which Brandenburg claimed as a fief, whereas Pomerania claimed Imperial immediacy. The conflict frequently turned into open war, and despite occasional success, none of the parties was able to prevail on a sustained basis until the House of Pomerania died out in 1637. While Brandenburg by then would naturally have prevailed, this was hindered by the contemporary Swedish occupation of Pomerania, and the conflict continued between Sweden and Brandenburg-Prussia until 1815, when Prussia was able to incorporate Swedish Pomerania into her Province of Pomerania.
==Early medieval prelude==
In the 10th century, the area of future Brandenburg and Pomerania was inhabited by West Slavic tribes, collectively known as Wends. Roughly, the tribes east of the Oder and north of the Warta (Warthe) rivers constituted the Pomeranians and the tribes west of the Oder the Luticians. This classification is uncertain for the tribes living close to the lower Oder, that is the Velunzani on the isles in the Oder estuary, the Prissani on the eastern bank of the lower Oder, and the Ukrani and Recani on the western bank of the lower Oder, which became known as the Uckermark.〔Kirsch (2004), pp.73.74〕
The tribes west of the Oder were organized in marches of the Ottonian (Liudolfing) realm, which became the Holy Roman Empire with the coronation of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor in 962. The marches set up in the area of future Brandenburg and Pomerania were the Billung March in the North, and the Saxon Eastern March in the South, the divide was the Peene river. The Saxon Eastern March was soon partitioned, with the area of future northern Brandenburg and southwestern Pomerania re-organized in the Northern March. A rebellion of the Liuticians overthrew the margraves rule in most of the Northern and Billung marches between 983 and 995.〔Kirsch (2004), p.74〕 In the 11th century, the Liutician confederation collapsed due to inner struggles, leaving its territory vulnerable to campaigns of its neighbors,〔Kirsch (2004), p.75〕 including expeditions of the margraves of the Northern March.〔Robinson (2003), pp.3-4,24〕
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